2009 Jan. - Global Surface Temperature in GISS Analysis

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The current analysis uses surface air temperatures measurements from the following data sets: the unadjusted data of the Global Historical Climatology Network (Peterson and Vose, 1997 and 1998), United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) data, and SCAR (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research) data from Antarctic stations. The basic analysis method is described by Hansen et al. (1999), with several modifications described by Hansen et al. (2001) also included. Modifications to the analysis since 2001 are described on the separate Updates to Analysis.
Global Temperature Anomalies
Annual Global Temperature Anomalies

Datasets and Images

GISS Surface Temperature Analysis

Analysis Graphs and Plots

Figures on this page were prepared by Dr. Makiko Sato. Please address questions about the figures to Dr. Sato or to Dr. James Hansen.

Click on any graph to view an enlargement of the image. PDF documents require a special viewer such as the free Adobe Reader.

What's New

Feb. 16, 2010: Urban adjustment is now based on global nightlights rather than population as discussed in a paper in preparation.

Nov. 14, 2009: USHCN_V2 is now used rather than the older version 1. The only visible effect is a slight increase of the US trend after year 2000 due to the fact that NOAA extended the TOBS and other adjustment to those years.

Sep. 11, 2009: NOAA NCDC provided an updated file on Sept. 9 of the GHCN data used in our analysis. The new file has increased data quality checks in the tropics. Beginning Sept. 11 the GISS analysis uses the new NOAA data set.

Old News

Comparison of 2010 Temperature to the Two Other Years with the Warmest Annual Means

Figure also available as PDF. See Table for details. (Last modified: 2010-05-17)

Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change

Fig A2

Line plot of global mean land-ocean temperature index, 1880 to present, with the base period 1951-1980. The dotted black line is the annual mean and the solid red line is the five-year mean. The green bars show uncertainty estimates. [This is an update of Fig. 1A in Hansen et al. (2006)]

Figure also available as large GIF, PDF, or Postscript. Also available are tabular data.

(Last modified: 2010-02-18)

Fig A

Our traditional analysis using only meteorological station data is a line plot of global annual-mean surface air temperature change, with the base period 1951-1980, derived from the meteorological station network [This is an update of Figure 6(b) in Hansen et al. (2001).] Uncertainty bars (95% confidence limits) are shown for both the annual and five-year means, account only for incomplete spatial sampling of data.

Figure also available as large GIF, PDF, or Postscript. Also available are tabular data.

(Last modified: 2010-02-18)

Annual Mean Temperature Change for Three Latitude Bands

Fig B

Annual and five-year running mean temperature changes, with the base period 1951-1980, for three latitude bands that cover 30%, 40% and 30% of the global area. Uncertainty bars (95% confidence limits) are based on spatial sampling analysis. [This is an update of Figure 5 in Hansen et al. (1999).]

Figure also available as large GIF, PDF, or Postscript, Also available is a table.

(Last Modified: 2010-01-21)

Annual Mean Temperature Change for Hemispheres

Fig A3

Annual and five-year running mean temperature changes with the base period 1951-1980 for the northern (red) and southern (blue) hemispheres.

Figure also available as large GIF, PDF, or Postscript, Also available is a table.

(Last Modified: 2010-02-18)

Global Monthly Mean Surface Temperature Change

Fig C

Line plot of monthly mean global surface tmperature anomaly, with the base period 1951-1980. The black line shows meterological stations only; redle dots are the land-ocean temperature index, as described in Hansen et al. (1999). The land-ocean temperature index uses sea surface temperatures obtained from satellite measurements of Reynolds and Smith (1994).

[This is an update of Figure 8 in Hansen et al. (1999).]

Figure also available as large GIF, PDF, or Postscript. Also available are tabular data.

(Last modified: 2010-05-17)

Global Mean Surface Temperature vs. Year and Month

Global maps of monthly anomalies during past year

Also available as large GIF, or PDF.

(Last modified: 2010-05-14)

Annual Mean Temperature Change in the United States

Fig D

Annual and five-year running mean surface air temperature in the contiguous 48 United States (1.6% of the Earth's surface) relative to the 1951-1980 mean.

[This is an update of Figure 6 in Hansen et al. (1999).]

Also available as large GIF, PDF, or Postscript. Also available are tabular data.

(Last modified: 2010-02-16)

Seasonal Mean Temperature Change

Fig E

Temperature index change (with the base period 1951-1980) since 1950 at seasonal resolution, for the globe (upper line) and for low latitudes (lower line). [This is an update of Figure 7 in Hansen et al. (1999).] Green triangles mark large volcanic eruptions. SST at Nino 3.4 is the 12-month running mean.

Also available as large GIF, PDF, or Postscript. Also available are tabular data.

(Last modified: 2010-03-15)

More Figures on our Columbia University web pages

"Global Temperature" main page and next page.

Seasonal Temperature: 2000s vs. 1990s

Anomalies (PDF). (Last modified: 2010-01-06)

2001-09 Mean Seasonal Temperature Maps

Anomalies (PDF). (Last modified: 2010-01-06)

Updates of Some More Published Figures

Plate 9a and Plate 9b in Hansen et al. (1999). (Last modified: 2008-12-23)

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in Hansen et al. (2006). (Last modified: 2010-01-21)

Arctic Contributions on Global Temperature

70-90N and/or 70-90S data removed from the globl data (PDF). (Last modified: 2010-01-22)

Greenland Temperature

Linegraph and map (PDF). (Last modified: 2010-01-26)

Probability of Warm Stations

Web page (Last modified: 2008-06-20)

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